System

Namespace: sys Language: Lua Type: Defold Lua File: script_engine.cpp Source: engine/engine/src/script/script_engine.cpp

Functions and messages for using system resources, controlling the engine, error handling and debugging.

API

exit

Type: MESSAGE Terminates the game application and reports the specified code to the OS. This message can only be sent to the designated @system socket.

Parameters

Examples

This examples demonstrates how to exit the application when some kind of quit messages is received (maybe from gui or similar):

function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
    if message_id == hash("quit") then
        msg.post("@system:", "exit", {code = 0})
    end
end

reboot

Type: MESSAGE Reboots the game engine with a specified set of arguments. Arguments will be translated into command line arguments. Sending the reboot command is equivalent to starting the engine with the same arguments. On startup the engine reads configuration from “game.project” in the project root. This message can only be sent to the designated @system socket.

Parameters

Examples

How to reboot engine with a specific bootstrap collection.

local arg1 = '--config=bootstrap.main_collection=/my.collectionc'
local arg2 = 'build/game.projectc'
msg.post("@system:", "reboot", {arg1 = arg1, arg2 = arg2})

resume_rendering

Type: MESSAGE Resume rendering. This message can only be sent to the designated @system socket.

Examples

msg.post(“@system:”, “resume_rendering”)

set_update_frequency

Type: MESSAGE Set game update-frequency (frame cap). This option is equivalent to display.update_frequency in the “game.project” settings but set at run-time. On platforms where Defold owns the application loop, a positive value uses timer pacing and requests a swap interval of 0 to avoid an additional vsync wait where supported. Setting the frequency to 0 restores the requested swap interval and uses variable-rate updates. Platform-owned loops, such as HTML5 and iOS, retain their platform scheduling and presentation behavior. There is no guarantee that the frame cap will be achieved depending on platform and hardware constraints. With engine-side timer pacing, the update dt can be shortened or enlarged to account for elapsed time; the frame cap does not guarantee a constant dt. Elapsed time beyond max(engine.max_time_step, 1 / frequency) is discarded, so accumulated dt can trail wall-clock time after hitches. An intentional fixed interval longer than engine.max_time_step is allowed. This setting is separate from the fixed_update() timestep. This message can only be sent to the designated @system socket.

Parameters

Examples

msg.post(“@system:”, “set_update_frequency”, { frequency = 60 } )

set_vsync

Type: MESSAGE Request a presentation interval relative to vertical blanks (v-blank). 0 requests disabling vsync and 1 requests presenting every refresh (the default). OpenGL may support larger intervals, such as 2 for every other refresh. Vulkan and Metal treat any nonzero interval as enabling vsync; DX12 clamps intervals to the supported range 0 through 4. Actual behavior depends on the backend, platform, and driver. On platforms where Defold owns the application loop, a positive display.update_frequency or a positive value set by sys.set_update_frequency() uses timer pacing and requests a swap interval of 0. The requested swap interval is retained and applied again when the update frequency is set to 0. This setting may be overridden by driver settings. This message can only be sent to the designated @system socket.

Parameters

Examples

msg.post(“@system:”, “set_vsync”, { swap_interval = 1 } )

start_record

Type: MESSAGE Starts video recording of the game frame-buffer to file. Current video format is the open vp8 codec in the ivf container. It’s possible to upload this format directly to YouTube. The VLC video player has native support but with the known issue that not the entire file is played back. It’s probably an issue with VLC. The Miro Video Converter has support for vp8/ivf. Video recording is only supported on desktop platforms. Audio is currently not supported Window width and height must be a multiple of 8 to be able to record video. This message can only be sent to the designated @system socket.

Parameters

Examples

Record a video in 30 fps given that the native game fps is 60:

msg.post("@system:", "start_record", { file_name = "test_rec.ivf" } )

To write a video in 60 fps given that the native game fps is 60:

msg.post("@system:", "start_record", { file_name = "test_rec.ivf", frame_period = 1, fps = 60 } )

stop_record

Type: MESSAGE Stops the currently active video recording. Video recording is only supported on desktop platforms. This message can only be sent to the designated @system socket.

Examples

msg.post("@system:", "stop_record")

sys.application_info

Type: STRUCT Application information

Members

sys.deserialize

Type: FUNCTION This function will raise a Lua error if an error occurs while deserializing the buffer.

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Deserialize a lua table that was previously serialized:

local buffer = sys.serialize(my_table)
local table = sys.deserialize(buffer)

sys.engine_info

Type: STRUCT Engine information

Members

sys.exists

Type: FUNCTION Check if a path exists Good for checking if a file exists before loading a large file

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Load data but return nil if path didn’t exist

if not sys.exists(path) then
    return nil
end
return sys.load(path) -- returns {} if it failed

sys.exit

Type: FUNCTION Terminates the game application and reports the specified code to the OS.

Parameters

Examples

This examples demonstrates how to exit the application when some kind of quit messages is received (maybe from gui or similar):

function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
    if message_id == hash("quit") then
        sys.exit(0)
    end
end

sys.get_application_info

Type: FUNCTION Returns a table with application information for the requested app. On iOS, the app_string is an url scheme for the app that is queried. Your game needs to list the schemes that are queried in an LSApplicationQueriesSchemes array in a custom “Info.plist”. On Android, the app_string is the package identifier for the app.

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Check if twitter is installed:

sysinfo = sys.get_sys_info()
twitter = {}

if sysinfo.system_name == "Android" then
  twitter = sys.get_application_info("com.twitter.android")
elseif sysinfo.system_name == "iPhone OS" then
  twitter = sys.get_application_info("twitter:")
end

if twitter.installed then
  -- twitter is installed!
end

Info.plist for the iOS app needs to list the schemes that are queried:

...
LSApplicationQueriesSchemes

   twitter

...

sys.get_application_path

Type: FUNCTION The path from which the application is run. This function will raise a Lua error if unable to get the application support path.

Returns

Examples

Find a path where we can store data (the example path is on the macOS platform):

-- macOS: /Applications/my_game.app
local application_path = sys.get_application_path()
print(application_path) --> /Applications/my_game.app

-- Windows: C:\Program Files\my_game\my_game.exe
print(application_path) --> C:\Program Files\my_game

-- Linux: /home/foobar/my_game/my_game
print(application_path) --> /home/foobar/my_game

-- Android package name: com.foobar.my_game
print(application_path) --> /data/user/0/com.foobar.my_game

-- iOS: my_game.app
print(application_path) --> /var/containers/Bundle/Applications/123456AB-78CD-90DE-12345678ABCD/my_game.app

-- HTML5: http://www.foobar.com/my_game/
print(application_path) --> http://www.foobar.com/my_game

sys.get_config_boolean

Type: FUNCTION Get boolean config value from the game.project configuration file with optional default value

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Get user config value

local vsync = sys.get_config_boolean("display.vsync", false)

sys.get_config_int

Type: FUNCTION Get integer config value from the game.project configuration file with optional default value

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Get user config value

local speed = sys.get_config_int("my_game.speed", 20) -- with default value

local testmode = sys.get_config_int("my_game.testmode") -- without default value
if testmode ~= nil then
    -- do stuff
end

sys.get_config_number

Type: FUNCTION Get number config value from the game.project configuration file with optional default value

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Get user config value

local speed = sys.get_config_number("my_game.speed", 20.0)

sys.get_config_string

Type: FUNCTION Get string config value from the game.project configuration file with optional default value

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Get user config value

local text = sys.get_config_string("my_game.text", "default text")

Start the engine with a bootstrap config override and add a custom config value

$ dmengine --config=bootstrap.main_collection=/mytest.collectionc --config=mygame.testmode=1

Read the custom config value from the command line

local testmode = sys.get_config_int("mygame.testmode")

sys.get_connectivity

Type: FUNCTION Returns the current network connectivity status on mobile platforms. On desktop, this function always return sys.NETWORK_CONNECTED.

Returns

Examples

Check if we are connected through a cellular connection

if (sys.NETWORK_CONNECTED_CELLULAR == sys.get_connectivity()) then
  print("Connected via cellular, avoid downloading big files!")
end

sys.get_engine_info

Type: FUNCTION Returns a table with engine information.

Returns

Examples

How to retrieve engine information:

-- Update version text label so our testers know what version we're running
local engine_info = sys.get_engine_info()
local version_str = "Defold " .. engine_info.version .. "\n" .. engine_info.version_sha1
gui.set_text(gui.get_node("version"), version_str)

sys.get_host_path

Type: FUNCTION Create a path to the host device for unit testing Useful for saving logs etc during development

Notes

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Save data on the host

local host_path = sys.get_host_path("logs/test.txt")
sys.save(host_path, mytable)

Load data from the host

local host_path = sys.get_host_path("logs/test.txt")
local table = sys.load(host_path)

sys.get_ifaddrs

Type: FUNCTION Returns an array of tables with information on network interfaces.

Returns

Examples

How to get the IP address of interface “en0”:

ifaddrs = sys.get_ifaddrs()
for _,interface in ipairs(ifaddrs) do
  if interface.name == "en0" then
    local ip = interface.address
  end
end

sys.get_save_file

Type: FUNCTION The save-file path is operating system specific and is typically located under the user’s home directory. This function will raise a Lua error if unable to get the save file path.

Notes

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Find a path where we can store data:

local my_file_path = sys.get_save_file("my_game", "my_file")
-- macOS: /Users/foobar/Library/Application Support/my_game/my_file
print(my_file_path) --> /Users/foobar/Library/Application Support/my_game/my_file

-- Windows: C:\Users\foobar\AppData\Roaming\my_game\my_file
print(my_file_path) --> C:\Users\foobar\AppData\Roaming\my_game\my_file

-- Linux: $XDG_DATA_HOME/my_game/my_file or /home/foobar/.my_game/my_file
-- Linux: Defaults to /home/foobar/.local/share/my_game/my_file if neither exist.
print(my_file_path) --> /home/foobar/.local/share/my_game/my_file

-- Android package name: com.foobar.packagename
print(my_file_path) --> /data/data/0/com.foobar.packagename/files/my_file

-- iOS: my_game.app
print(my_file_path) --> /var/mobile/Containers/Data/Application/123456AB-78CD-90DE-12345678ABCD/my_game/my_file

-- HTML5 path inside the IndexedDB: /data/.my_game/my_file or /.my_game/my_file
print(my_file_path) --> /data/.my_game/my_file

sys.get_sys_info

Type: FUNCTION Returns a table with system information.

Parameters

Returns

Examples

How to get system information:

local info = sys.get_sys_info()
if info.system_name == "HTML5" then
  -- We are running in a browser.
end

sys.interface_info

Type: STRUCT Network-interface information

Members

sys.load

Type: FUNCTION If the file exists, it must have been created by sys.save to be loaded. This function will raise a Lua error if an error occurs while loading the file.

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Load data that was previously saved, e.g. an earlier game session:

local my_file_path = sys.get_save_file("my_game", "my_file")
local my_table = sys.load(my_file_path)
if not next(my_table) then
  -- empty table
end

sys.load_buffer

Type: FUNCTION The sys.load_buffer function will first try to load the resource from any of the mounted resource locations and return the data if any matching entries found. If not, the path will be tried as is from the primary disk on the device. In order for the engine to include custom resources in the build process, you need to specify them in the “custom_resources” key in your “game.project” settings file. You can specify single resource files or directories. If a directory is included in the resource list, all files and directories in that directory is recursively included: For example “main/data/,assets/level_data.json”.

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Load binary data from a custom project resource:

local my_buffer = sys.load_buffer("/assets/my_level_data.bin")
local data_str = buffer.get_bytes(my_buffer, "data")
local has_my_header = string.sub(data_str,1,6) == "D3F0LD"

Load binary data from non-custom resource files on disk:

local asset_1 = sys.load_buffer("folder_next_to_binary/my_level_asset.txt")
local asset_2 = sys.load_buffer("/my/absolute/path")

sys.load_buffer_async

Type: FUNCTION The sys.load_buffer function will first try to load the resource from any of the mounted resource locations and return the data if any matching entries found. If not, the path will be tried as is from the primary disk on the device. In order for the engine to include custom resources in the build process, you need to specify them in the “custom_resources” key in your “game.project” settings file. You can specify single resource files or directories. If a directory is included in the resource list, all files and directories in that directory is recursively included: For example “main/data/,assets/level_data.json”. Note that issuing multiple requests of the same resource will yield individual buffers per request. There is no implicit caching of the buffers based on request path.

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Load binary data from a custom project resource and update a texture resource:

function my_callback(self, request_id, result)
  if result.status == sys.REQUEST_STATUS_FINISHED then
     resource.set_texture("/my_texture", { ... }, result.buffer)
  end
end

local my_request = sys.load_buffer_async("/assets/my_level_data.bin", my_callback)

Load binary data from non-custom resource files on disk:

function my_callback(self, request_id, result)
  if result.status ~= sys.REQUEST_STATUS_FINISHED then
    -- uh oh! File could not be found, do something graceful
  elseif request_id == self.first_request then
    -- result.buffer contains data from my_level_asset.bin
  elseif request_id == self.second_request then
    -- result.buffer contains data from 'my_level.bin'
  end
end

function init(self)
  self.first_request = sys.load_buffer_async("folder_next_to_binary/my_level_asset.bin", my_callback)
  self.second_request = sys.load_buffer_async("/some_absolute_path/my_level.bin", my_callback)
end

sys.load_buffer_result

Type: STRUCT Asynchronous buffer-load result

Members

sys.load_resource

Type: FUNCTION Loads a custom resource. Specify the full filename of the resource that you want to load. When loaded, the file data is returned as a string. If loading fails, the function returns nil plus the error message. In order for the engine to include custom resources in the build process, you need to specify them in the “custom_resources” key in your “game.project” settings file. You can specify single resource files or directories. If a directory is included in the resource list, all files and directories in that directory is recursively included: For example “main/data/,assets/level_data.json”.

Parameters

Returns

Examples

-- Load level data into a string
local data, error = sys.load_resource("/assets/level_data.json")
-- Decode json string to a Lua table
if data then
  local data_table = json.decode(data)
  pprint(data_table)
else
  print(error)
end

sys.NETWORK

Type: ENUM Network connectivity states

Members

sys.open_url

Type: FUNCTION Open URL in default application, typically a browser

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Open an URL:

local success = sys.open_url("http://www.defold.com", {target = "_blank"})
if not success then
  -- could not open the url...
end

sys.open_url_attributes

Type: STRUCT URL opening attributes

Members

sys.reboot

Type: FUNCTION Reboots the game engine with a specified set of arguments. Arguments will be translated into command line arguments. Calling reboot function is equivalent to starting the engine with the same arguments. On startup the engine reads configuration from “game.project” in the project root.

Parameters

Examples

How to reboot engine with a specific bootstrap collection.

local arg1 = '--config=bootstrap.main_collection=/my.collectionc'
local arg2 = 'build/game.projectc'
sys.reboot(arg1, arg2)

sys.REQUEST_STATUS

Type: ENUM Asynchronous request status values

Members

sys.save

Type: FUNCTION The table can later be loaded by sys.load. Use sys.get_save_file to obtain a valid location for the file. Internally, this function uses a workspace buffer sized output file sized 512kb. This size reflects the output file size which must not exceed this limit. Additionally, the total number of rows that any one table may contain is limited to 65536 (i.e. a 16 bit range). When tables are used to represent arrays, the values of keys are permitted to fall within a 32 bit range, supporting sparse arrays, however the limit on the total number of rows remains in effect. This function will raise a Lua error if an error occurs while saving the table.

Parameters

Examples

Save data:

local my_table = {}
table.insert(my_table, "my_value")
local my_file_path = sys.get_save_file("my_game", "my_file")
sys.save(my_file_path, my_table)

sys.serialize

Type: FUNCTION The buffer can later deserialized by sys.deserialize. This function has all the same limitations as sys.save. This function will raise a Lua error if an error occurs while serializing the table.

Parameters

Returns

Examples

Serialize table:

local my_table = {}
table.insert(my_table, "my_value")
local buffer = sys.serialize(my_table)

sys.set_connectivity_host

Type: FUNCTION Sets the host that is used to check for network connectivity against.

Parameters

Examples

sys.set_connectivity_host("www.google.com")

sys.set_engine_throttle

Type: FUNCTION Enables engine throttling.

Notes

Parameters

Examples

Disable throttling

sys.set_engine_throttle(false)

Enable throttling

sys.set_engine_throttle(true, 1.5)

sys.set_error_handler

Type: FUNCTION Set the Lua error handler function. The error handler is a function which is called whenever a lua runtime error occurs.

Parameters

source:string

The runtime context of the error. Currently, this is always "lua".</dd>

message:string

The source file, line number and error message.</dd>

traceback:string

The stack traceback.</dd> </dl>

Examples

Install error handler that just prints the errors

local function my_error_handler(source, message, traceback)
  print(source)    --> lua
  print(message)   --> main/my.script:10: attempt to perform arithmetic on a string value
  print(traceback) --> stack traceback:
                   -->         main/test.script:10: in function 'boom'
                   -->         main/test.script:15: in function
end

local function boom()
  return 10 + "string"
end

function init(self)
  sys.set_error_handler(my_error_handler)
  boom()
end

sys.set_render_enable

Type: FUNCTION Disables rendering

Notes

  • It will will leave the back buffer as-is

Parameters

  • enable (boolean) - true if throttling should be enabled

Examples

Disable rendering

sys.set_render_enable(false)

sys.set_update_frequency

Type: FUNCTION Set game update-frequency (frame cap). This option is equivalent to display.update_frequency in the “game.project” settings but set at run-time. On platforms where Defold owns the application loop, a positive value uses timer pacing and requests a swap interval of 0 to avoid an additional vsync wait where supported. Setting the frequency to 0 restores the requested swap interval and uses variable-rate updates. Platform-owned loops, such as HTML5 and iOS, retain their platform scheduling and presentation behavior. There is no guarantee that the frame cap will be achieved depending on platform and hardware constraints. With engine-side timer pacing, the update dt can be shortened or enlarged to account for elapsed time; the frame cap does not guarantee a constant dt. Elapsed time beyond max(engine.max_time_step, 1 / frequency) is discarded, so accumulated dt can trail wall-clock time after hitches. An intentional fixed interval longer than engine.max_time_step is allowed. This setting is separate from the fixed_update() timestep.

Parameters

  • frequency (number) - target frequency in hertz. 0 selects a variable frame rate; negative values are treated as 0.

Examples

Setting the update frequency to 60 frames per second

sys.set_update_frequency(60)

sys.set_vsync_swap_interval

Type: FUNCTION Request a presentation interval relative to vertical blanks (v-blank). 0 requests disabling vsync and 1 requests presenting every refresh (the default). OpenGL may support larger intervals, such as 2 for every other refresh. Vulkan and Metal treat any nonzero interval as enabling vsync; DX12 clamps intervals to the supported range 0 through 4. Actual behavior depends on the backend, platform, and driver. On platforms where Defold owns the application loop, a positive display.update_frequency or a positive value set by sys.set_update_frequency() uses timer pacing and requests a swap interval of 0. The requested swap interval is retained and applied again when the update frequency is set to 0. This setting may be overridden by driver settings.

Parameters

  • swap_interval (number) - target swap interval.

Examples

Setting the swap interval to swap every v-blank

sys.set_vsync_swap_interval(1)

sys.sys_info

Type: STRUCT System information

Members

  • device_model? (string) - Device model on iOS and Android.
  • manufacturer? (string) - Device manufacturer on iOS and Android.
  • system_name (string) - Operating-system name.
  • system_version (string) - Operating-system version.
  • api_version (string) - Platform API version.
  • language (string) - ISO 639 language code.
  • device_language (string) - Preferred device language, optionally followed by an ISO 15924 script code.
  • territory (string) - ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code or UN M.49 numeric region code.
  • gmt_offset (number) - Current GMT offset in minutes.
  • device_ident? (string) - Operating-system-protected device identifier.
  • user_agent? (string) - HTTP user agent on HTML5.

sys.sys_info_options

Type: STRUCT System-information options

Members

  • ignore_secure? (boolean) - Omit operating-system-protected values such as device_ident.

toggle_physics_debug

Type: MESSAGE Toggles the on-screen physics visual debugging mode which is very useful for tracking down issues related to physics. This mode visualizes all collision object shapes and normals at detected contact points. Toggling this mode on is equal to setting physics.debug in the “game.project” settings, but set in run-time. This message can only be sent to the designated @system socket.

Examples

msg.post("@system:", "toggle_physics_debug")

toggle_profile

Type: MESSAGE Toggles the on-screen profiler. The profiler is a real-time tool that shows the numbers of milliseconds spent in each scope per frame as well as counters. The profiler is very useful for tracking down performance and resource problems. In addition to the on-screen profiler, Defold includes a web-based profiler that allows you to sample a series of data points and then analyze them in detail. The web profiler is available at http://:8002 where is the IP address of the device you are running your game on. This message can only be sent to the designated @system socket.

Examples

msg.post("@system:", "toggle_profile")